Monday, April 09, 2007

Strictly Come Dancing

the original that lead to Dancing with the Stars; it also spun-off Strictly Dance Fever

BBC website
fansite: Strictly Come Dancing Online - Home

The Lady Downstairs has a friend who learned ballroom dance when he was a teenager; evidently, it's something 16 and 17-yos do in a certain European country.

Group Swing--East Coast and West Coast Swing


Won't see that at Christendom...

Colin & Erin - Strictly Come Dancing Xmas Special '06


Strictly Come Dancing - Week 8
Mark & Karen - Viennese Waltz


Beyonce singing "Irreplaceable":


Girls Aloud, I Think We're Alone Now:


fansite










I hope not

Conservative Times reports:

The End of the American Conservative?

Ron Unz, who is vehemently pro-immigration, is now listed on the masthead as the publisher of the American Conservative. He apparently purchased the magazine from Scott McConnell. Is this the end of TAC as a journal of the Old Right?

Will TAC now toe the neoliberal / neocon line on mass, third-world immigration? Their recent cover endorsement of Chuck Hagel would seem to indicate so. I’ve noticed that they have not carried any anti-immigration articles for some time.

Hat Tip: Frank B. Lee

Wendell Berry interviews Bill McKibben

From the Western Confucian:

Crunchy Con today links to an absolutely must-see video, Wendell Berry interviews Bill McKibben, about the latter's book, Deep Economy: The Wealth of Communities and the Durable Future.

The actual page where the video is to be found.

Pope's Easter Vigil Homily

Pope's Easter Vigil Homily

"We Are Free"


VATICAN CITY, APRIL 8, 2007 (Zenit.org).- Here is a Vatican translation of the homily Benedict XVI delivered Holy Saturday at the Mass of the Easter Vigil, celebrated in St. Peter's Basilica.

* * *

Dear brothers and sisters,

From ancient times the liturgy of Easter day has begun with the words: "Resurrexi et adhuc tecum sum" -- I arose, and am still with you; you have set your hand upon me. The liturgy sees these as the first words spoken by the Son to the Father after his resurrection, after his return from the night of death into the world of the living. The hand of the Father upheld him even on that night, and thus he could rise again.

These words are taken from Psalm 138, where originally they had a different meaning. That Psalm is a song of wonder at God's omnipotence and omnipresence, a hymn of trust in the God who never allows us to fall from his hands. And his hands are good hands. The Psalmist imagines himself journeying to the farthest reaches of the cosmos -- and what happens to him? "If I ascend to heaven, you are there! If I make my bed in Sheol, you are there! If I take the wings of the morning and dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea, even there your hand shall lead me, and your right hand shall hold me. If I say, 'Let only darkness cover me,' even the darkness is not dark to you; for darkness is as light with you" (Psalm 138[139]:8-12).

On Easter day the Church tells us that Jesus Christ made that journey to the ends of the universe for our sake. In the Letter to the Ephesians we read that he descended to the depths of the earth, and that the one who descended is also the one who has risen far above the heavens, that he might fill all things (cf. 4:9ff.). The vision of the Psalm thus became reality. In the impenetrable gloom of death Christ came like light -- the night became as bright as day and the darkness became as light. And so the Church can rightly consider these words of thanksgiving and trust as words spoken by the Risen Lord to his Father: "Yes, I have journeyed to the uttermost depths of the earth, to the abyss of death, and brought them light; now I have risen and I am upheld for ever by your hands." But these words of the Risen Christ to the Father have also become words which the Lord speaks to us: "I arose and now I am still with you," he says to each of us. My hand upholds you. Wherever you may fall, you will always fall into my hands. I am present even at the door of death. Where no one can accompany you further, and where you can bring nothing, even there I am waiting for you, and for you I will change darkness into light.

These words of the Psalm, read as a dialogue between the Risen Christ and ourselves, also explain what takes place at Baptism. Baptism is more than a bath, a purification. It is more than becoming part of a community. It is a new birth. A new beginning in life. The passage of the Letter to the Romans which we have just read says, in words filled with mystery, that in Baptism we have been "grafted" onto Christ by likeness to his death. In Baptism we give ourselves over to Christ -- he takes us unto himself, so that we no longer live for ourselves, but through him, with him and in him; so that we live with him and thus for others. In Baptism we surrender ourselves, we place our lives in his hands, and so we can say with Saint Paul, "It is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me." If we offer ourselves in this way, if we accept, as it were, the death of our very selves, this means that the frontier between death and life is no longer absolute. On either side of death we are with Christ and so, from that moment forward, death is no longer a real boundary. Paul tells us this very clearly in his Letter to the Philippians: "For me to live is Christ. To be with him (by dying) is gain. Yet if I remain in this life, I can still labor fruitfully. And so I am hard pressed between these two things. To depart -- by being executed -- and to be with Christ; that is far better. But to remain in this life is more necessary on your account" (cf. 1:21ff.). On both sides of the frontier of death, Paul is with Christ -- there is no longer a real difference. Yes, it is true: "Behind and before you besiege me, your hand ever laid upon me" (Psalm 138[139]: 5). To the Romans Paul wrote: "No one lives to himself and no one dies to himself. Whether we live or whether we die, we are the Lord's" (Romans 14:7ff.).

Dear candidates for Baptism, this is what is new about Baptism: our life now belongs to Christ, and no longer to ourselves. As a result we are never alone, even in death, but are always with the One who lives forever. In Baptism, in the company of Christ, we have already made that cosmic journey to the very abyss of death. At his side and, indeed, drawn up in his love, we are freed from fear. He enfolds us and carries us wherever we may go -- he who is Life itself.

Let us return once more to the night of Holy Saturday. In the Creed we say about Christ's journey that he "descended into hell." What happened then? Since we have no knowledge of the world of death, we can only imagine his triumph over death with the help of images which remain very inadequate. Yet, inadequate as they are, they can help us to understand something of the mystery. The liturgy applies to Jesus' descent into the night of death the words of Psalm 23[24]: "Lift up your heads, O gates; be lifted up, O ancient doors!" The gates of death are closed, no one can return from there. There is no key for those iron doors. But Christ has the key. His Cross opens wide the gates of death, the stern doors. They are barred no longer. His Cross, his radical love, is the key that opens them. The love of the One who, though God, became man in order to die -- this love has the power to open those doors. This love is stronger than death. The Easter icons of the Oriental Church show how Christ enters the world of the dead. He is clothed with light, for God is light. "The night is bright as the day, the darkness is as light" (cf. Psalm 138[139]12). Entering the world of the dead, Jesus bears the stigmata, the signs of his passion: his wounds, his suffering, have become power: they are love that conquers death. He meets Adam and all the men and women waiting in the night of death. As we look at them, we can hear an echo of the prayer of Jonah: "Out of the belly of Sheol I cried, and you heard my voice" (John 2:2). In the incarnation, the Son of God became one with human beings -- with Adam. But only at this moment, when he accomplishes the supreme act of love by descending into the night of death, does he bring the journey of the incarnation to its completion. By his death he now clasps the hand of Adam, of every man and woman who awaits him, and brings them to the light.

But we may ask: what is the meaning of all this imagery? What was truly new in what happened on account of Christ? The human soul was created immortal -- what exactly did Christ bring that was new? The soul is indeed immortal, because man in a unique way remains in God's memory and love, even after his fall. But his own powers are insufficient to lift him up to God. We lack the wings needed to carry us to those heights. And yet, nothing else can satisfy man eternally, except being with God. An eternity without this union with God would be a punishment. Man cannot attain those heights on his own, yet he yearns for them. "Out of the depths I cry to you." Only the Risen Christ can bring us to complete union with God, to the place where our own powers are unable to bring us. Truly Christ puts the lost sheep upon his shoulders and carries it home. Clinging to his Body we have life, and in communion with his Body we reach the very heart of God. Only thus is death conquered, we are set free and our life is hope.

This is the joy of the Easter Vigil: we are free. In the resurrection of Jesus, love has been shown to be stronger than death, stronger than evil. Love made Christ descend, and love is also the power by which he ascends. The power by which he brings us with him. In union with his love, borne aloft on the wings of love, as persons of love, let us descend with him into the world's darkness, knowing that in this way we will also rise up with him. On this night, then, let us pray: Lord, show us that love is stronger than hatred, that love is stronger than death. Descend into the darkness and the abyss of our modern age, and take by the hand those who await you. Bring them to the light! In my own dark nights, be with me to bring me forth! Help me, help all of us, to descend with you into the darkness of all those people who are still waiting for you, who out of the depths cry unto you! Help us to bring them your light! Help us to say the "yes" of love, the love that makes us descend with you and, in so doing, also to rise with you. Amen.

© Copyright 2007 -- Libreria Editrice Vaticana
Benedict XVI's Easter Message

Sunday, April 08, 2007

Paschal Message of the Patriarch of Constantinople

Patriarchal Discourse on Holy Pascha 2007.



Prot. No. 310



+ BARTHOLOMEW
BY THE MERCY OF GOD
ARCHBISHOP OF CONSTANTINOPLE,
NEW ROME AND ECUMENICAL PATRIARCH
TO THE FULLNESS OF THE CHURCH GRACE, JOY, PEACE AND MERCY FROM HIM WHO WAS RISEN IN GLORY, CHRIST OUR SAVIOUR



Beloved Concelebrants and pious and God-loving children of the Church,


CHRIST HAS RISEN!


Once again we hear this joyful Christian greeting within our Christian Communities. But many of these prosperous Communities disregard the question and very real issue of death, and live as though death did not exist and the resurrection was without meaning. However, “Fearful is the mystery of death”, as the hymnographer says and our daily reality reiterates. The fear of death, which is most acute in those who confront problems of health or old age, even when it is alleviated in a variety of ways, consumes our peace of mind, fills the soul with irrational anxiety and often leads to suicide, for the relentless insecurity becomes unbearable.

The Resurrection of Christ put an end to this insecurity. Death is no longer the ruler of life; it is not the unavoidable end of our existence. Our tomb stones do not overshadow our existence for ever with an everlasting silence. The stone which shut the tomb of Christ was rolled away, and Christ came forth triumphant, master over death, unscathed by its sting, the firstborn of the dead. From that moment, the door of the tomb remained open behind Him for all.

The fear of death has vanished for all who wish to follow in the footsteps of Christ. All things have been filled with joy and hope. “Where, Death, is your sting? Where, Hell, is your victory?, asked my predecessor Saint John Chrysostom in triumph.

To many, our words still sound like “an idle tale” [Luke 24:11]. The Athenians in Pnyx, hearing the Apostle Paul speaking of the Resurrection of the dead, ridiculed him and left, telling him sarcastically, “We’ll hear you again some time!” Even the Apostles, who had heard from the Lord that He would rise on the third day, hesitated to accept the proclamation of the Myrrh-bearing women that the Lord had risen.

However, brethren and beloved children in the Lord, we live the ever-present death and continuous Resurrection of the Lord, not only in the sacrifice of Golgotha that we see portrayed in our churches, but also in the lives of the saints, ancient and contemporary. The Lord rose and granted life. But He also continues to grant resurrection and life. Death is now a gate of passage to a new state of life. It has ceased to be a prison for souls, a dead end, a state without hope. The boundaries of death’s stronghold were broken down, its gates shattered, and everyone who follows Christ is able to return to life with Christ.

Believe, brethren and children, and have hope! Be free from the fear of death and life’s anxieties, because for the Faithful, like yourselves, death is no more. Only, cleanse your souls and bodies and enrol as followers of Christ, Who is also your own Resurrection. Christ has risen and you are all potentially risen. The glad and joyful message of the Resurrection is a message for you. It is not something foreign or irrelevant to you. Your mouths should be filled with joy when you say, “Christ has risen!” For “Truly He has risen!” and we are raised with Him.

May His life-giving Grace, “which heals what is infirm and makes up what is lacking”, be with you all. Amen.



Holy Pascha 2007
+ Archbishop of Constantinople Bartholomew
Fervent Intercessor to The Risen Christ for you all

Archbishop Demetrios

of the Greek Orthodox Church of America, his Paschal message video (the text)

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Papal Reflection After Way of the Cross

Papal Reflection After Way of the Cross

"Our God Is Not a Distant God"


VATICAN CITY, APRIL 7, 2007 (Zenit.org).- Here is a translation of Benedict XVI's remarks at the conclusion of the Way of the Cross, celebrated at the Colosseum on Good Friday.

* * *

Dear Brothers and Sisters,

Following Jesus along the way of his passion we see not only Jesus' passion but we see all those who are suffering in the world. And this is the profound intention of the prayer of the Way of the Cross, to open our hearts, to help us to see with the heart.

The Fathers of the Church considered the greatest sin of the pagan world to be their insensitivity, their hardness of heart, and they loved the prophesy of the prophet Ezekiel: "I will take away your heart of stone and will give you a heart of flesh" (Ezekiel 36:26).

Converting to Christ, becoming Christian, meant receiving a heart of flesh, a heart sensitive to the passion and the suffering of others. Our God is not a distant God, untouchable in his blessedness. Our God has a heart, indeed a heart of flesh. He became flesh precisely to suffer with us and to be with us in our sufferings. He became man to give us a heart of flesh and to awaken in us a love for those who suffer, for those in need.

Let us pray to the Lord in this hour for all those in the world who are suffering, let us pray to the Lord that he truly give us a heart of flesh, that he make us messengers of his love not only with words but with our entire life. Amen.

[Transcribed and translated by ZENIT]

Easter Message From Jerusalem

Easter Message From Jerusalem

"We Reach for the Power of the Resurrection"


JERUSALEM, APRIL 7, 2007 (Zenit.org).- Here is the Easter Message sent by the patriarchs and heads of local churches in Jerusalem.

* * *

Sisters and brothers here and in all the world, we greet you in the name of our Risen Lord and ask God to fill you with the joy and the strength of the resurrection.

Having opposed early Christians and, indeed, sought to bring many of them to trial for their faith, St. Paul was suddenly challenged by our Blessed Lord as he journeyed to Damascus. Within a short time he became a powerful messenger for Jesus. Reading his various epistles we see he has much to say on many aspects of the Christian faith.

The statement he sets before the Philippians is regarded by many people as the most powerful: "All I want is to know Christ and the power of his resurrection and to share his sufferings."

In this short sentence he links the cross and the Resurrection. The sufferings he had to face for his faith lead him to become conscious of the power of the Resurrection given to those who truly believe, through the power of the Holy Spirit.

Yet again, recent months have shown us much of the hardships and sufferings people have to endure, not least in this land. Much of this burden has arisen from man's inhumanity to men together with the deprivation of basic human dignity and rights, all caused by the siege imposed upon us.

Our Blessed Lord challenges all of us; if we are to be his disciples we must take up our cross and follow him. In the midst of sufferings, we reach for the power of the Resurrection and the power of the Spirit that enables us to take away the oppressions that are imposed upon us.

So, as we celebrate the joy of Easter we must examine carefully where we stand in relation to God. Many of us need to abandon the selfish instinct within us. If we truly seek the power of the Resurrection in our lives, then we must disregard any idea we might have of self-sufficiency or worldly hopes that hide from our eyes the things of heaven and of the Spirit.

If we believe in the Resurrection, we must affirm that our security is with God and in the power of the Resurrection. Again St. Paul reminds us when writing to the Corinthians: "But we hold this treasure in earthen vessels, that the surpassing power may be of God and not from us" (2 Corinthians 4:7).

Despite our weakness and despite the unjust circumstances imposed upon us, the power of God can free us if we come to understand the logic of the Spirit in us and if we behave accordingly.

On the first Good Friday, the disciples of Jesus doubtlessly felt shattered. However, gradually their faith was restored as they became conscious of their Risen Lord. Their own personal darkness of fear and uncertainty was suddenly illuminated by the light of Jesus' resurrection.

So, as we celebrate the Resurrection we must be more diligent in searching for the light and in using it to build a better tomorrow for all of us, Palestinians or Israelis, Muslims, Jews, Christians and Druzes. We search for the light that comes from God, illuminates all creation, guides every true believer in his search to find God's freedom for all, together with his peace and justice.

As we greet our sisters and brothers across the world, we wish them the joy of Easter and the power of the Risen Lord in their daily lives. While conscious of the care and concern shown by many of you, we again ask for your particular prayers for this land, that God will guide all its governors and show them the path of justice and equality among all.

Pray for the newly formed Unity Government of the Palestinians together with the Israeli Government and the Arab Initiative, to work to remove fear and all oppression, the walls, the barriers and the prisons, so that hearts become full of trust and all can enjoy the same freedom and the same dignity.

Then we would ask that you make a particular effort to encourage your particular nation to stop the embargo imposed upon us and to restore its aid to the Palestinians. Many vital areas of community are in a desperate plight as a result of the withholding of this aid, not least [among them, areas of] justice, economy, medicine and education, etc. …

As all Christians across the world celebrate Easter together we wish everyone, at home and abroad, that joy which our Blessed Lord's resurrection brings. We ask God to bestow upon all the joy and the power of the resurrection so that the words of Jesus become real as he said: "I came so that they might have life and have it more abundantly" (John 10:10).

Christ is Risen! He is risen indeed!
May you experience a happy and holy Easter!

Patriarchs and Heads of the Churches in Jerusalem

Patriarch Theophilos III of Jerusalem
Patriarch Michel Sabbah, R.C. Latin
Patriarch Torkom I Manooghian, Armenian Orthodox

Father Pierbattista Pizzaballa, OFM, Custos of the Holy Land
Archbishop Anba Abraham, Coptic Orthodox
Archbishop Swerios Malki Murad, Syrian-Orthodox
Archbishop Abouna Mattias, Ethiopian Orthodox

Archbishop Paul Sayyah, Maronite
Bishop Suheil Dawani, Anglican
Bishop Munib Younan, Lutheran

Bishop Pierre Malki, Syrian-Catholic
Archbishop Georges Michel Bakar, Greek Catholic
Father Rafael Minassian, Armenian Catholic

Bishop Alfeev on the Resurrection

Bishop Alfeev on the Resurrection

"It Is Impossible to Come to Christianity Except Through Love"


VIENNA, Austria, APRIL 7, 2007 (Zenit.org).- Here is a reflection on Easter written by Russian Orthodox Bishop Hilarion Alfeev of Vienna and Austria. He is the representative of the Russian Orthodox Church of Moscow to the European Community.

He has shared this meditation with ZENIT to mark that the date of Easter is shared this year by both the Catholic and Orthodox Churches.

* * *

The Resurrection of Christ went by just as unnoticed as his birth, for nobody saw Christ leaving the tomb. And from the very first days after the resurrection, doubt took hold of many people, even Christ's closest disciples, even those who knew and loved him.

Thomas doubted more than the others. Having heard of the appearance of the Savior from the other disciples, he said: "Unless I shall see in his hands the print of the nails, and put my finger into the print of the nails, and thrust my hand into his side, I will not believe" (John 20:19-25).

And so, the Lord appeared to them once again, with Thomas among them, and said to him: "Reach hither thy finger, and behold my hands; and reach hither thy hand, and thrust it into my side: and be not faithless, but believing."

Thomas then cried: "My Lord and my God," because the wounds in Jesus' body convinced him that he who was speaking to him was the real, risen Savior. Jesus then says something which is addressed not only to Thomas, but to all who doubt the reality of the resurrection: "Because thou hast seen me, thou hast believed; blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed" (John 20:26-31).

"They that have not seen, and yet have believed" are all those who, though not witnesses of the resurrection of Christ, nevertheless believe in him because they have come to love him.

It is impossible to come to Christianity except through love for the living Christ. It is impossible to become a Christian by simply being impressed by Christ's moral teaching or out of respect for his sayings and doctrine. Only by loving Christ can one arrive at a faith that is inexpressible in words and higher than our usual earthly vision. Even though nobody has seen the resurrection of Christ with their earthly, physical eyes, the surety that "Christ is risen indeed" still abides in each one of us, Christians.

The experience of beholding the resurrection of Christ is given to us, Christians East and West, in a special way during the days of Easter, although we can sense the live presence of the risen one every Sunday and on any other day of the week.

But we must be worthy of this experience; we must become like the disciples after Christ said to them: "Receive the Holy Spirit" (John 20:22). Although they were able to see Christ earlier with their physical eyes, they did not recognize in him the incarnate God with their spiritual eyes. But having received the Holy Spirit, they could now say: "We have beheld the resurrection of Christ."

The Holy Spirit is also given to us Christians in the sacraments of the Church, especially in the communion of the Holy Mysteries. That is why each of us bears the same responsibility and the same mission that was given to the apostles -- to preach Christ to the world.

It is not by chance that in the days after Easter, the Orthodox Christians not only pray in church, but also proceed around it with the cross, Gospel, banners and the icon of Christ's resurrection. The procession with the cross is meant to show that we believe in Christ and become witnesses of his resurrection not only within the church walls, but also outside the church, where we are called to testify to the risen Christ.

The experience of Easter is given to us not only that we might enjoy communion with the risen Christ and keep his light in our hearts, but also that we might bring this light to our close ones, relatives, acquaintances, friends and enemies -- to the whole world, the very world which the Lord wishes to enlighten with his resurrection, through us.

[Text adapted]

Father Cantalamessa on Easter Faith

Father Cantalamessa on Easter Faith

"The Lord Is Risen and Was Seen Alive"


ROME, APRIL 7, 2007 (Zenit.org).- Here is a translation of a commentary by the Pontifical Household preacher, Capuchin Father Raniero Cantalamessa, on the readings for Easter Sunday's liturgy.

* * *

He is Risen!
Easter Sunday
Acts 10:34a, 37-43; Colossians 3:1-4; John 20:1-9

There are men -- we see this in the phenomenon of suicide bombers -- who die for a misguided or even evil cause, mistakenly retaining, but in good faith, that the cause is a worthy one.

Even Christ's death does not testify to the truth of his cause, but only the fact that he believed in its truth. Christ's death is the supreme witness of his charity, but not of his truth. This truth is adequately testified to only by the Resurrection. "The faith of Christians," says St. Augustine, "is the resurrection of Christ. It is no great thing to believe that Jesus died; even the pagans believe this, everyone believes it. The truly great thing is to believe that he is risen."

Keeping to the purpose that has guided us up to this point, we must leave faith aside for the moment and attend to history. We would like to try to respond to the following question: Can Christ's resurrection be defined as a historical event, in the common sense of the term, that is, did it "really happen"?

There are two facts that offer themselves for the historian's consideration and permit him to speak of the Resurrection: First, the sudden and inexplicable faith of the disciples, a faith so tenacious as to withstand even the trial of martyrdom; second, the explanation of this faith that has been left by those who had it, that is, the disciples. In the decisive moment, when Jesus was captured and executed, the disciples did not entertain any thoughts about the resurrection. They fled and took Jesus' case to be closed.

In the meantime something had to intervene that in a short time not only provoked a radical change of their state of soul, but that led them to an entirely different activity and to the founding of the Church. This "something" is the historical nucleus of Easter faith.

The oldest testimony to the Resurrection is Paul's: "For I delivered to you first of all that which I also received: That Christ died for our sins, according to the Scriptures, and that he was buried, and that he rose again according to the Scriptures; and that he was seen by Cephas, and after that by the eleven.

"Then he was seen by more than 500 brethren at once, of whom many are still with us and some are fallen asleep. After that, he was seen by James, then by all the apostles. And last of all, he was seen also by me, as by one born out of due time" (1 Corinthians 15:3-8).

These words were written around A.D. 56 or 57. But the core of the text is constituted by an anterior faith that Paul himself says he received from others. Keeping in mind that Paul learned of these things immediately after his conversion, we can date them to about A.D. 35, that is, five or six years after the death of Christ. It is thus a testimony of rare historical value.

The accounts of the Evangelists were written some decades later and reflect a later phase in the Church's reflection. But the core of the testimony remains unchanged: The Lord is risen and was seen alive. To this a new element is added, perhaps determined by an apologetic preoccupation, and so of minor historical value: The insistence on the fact of the empty tomb. Even for the Gospels, the appearances of the Risen Christ are the decisive facts.

The appearances, nevertheless, testify to a new dimension of the Risen Christ, his mode of being "according to the Spirit," which is new and different with respect to his previous mode of existing, "according to the flesh." For example, he cannot be recognized by whoever sees him, but only by those to whom he gives the ability to know him. His corporeality is different from what it was before. It is free from physical laws: It enters and exits through closed doors; it appears and disappears.

According to a different explanation of the Resurrection, one advanced by Rudolf Bultmann and still proposed today, what we have here are psychogenetic visions, that is, subjective phenomena similar to hallucinations. But this, if it were true, would constitute in the end a greater miracle than the one that such explanations wish to deny. It supposes that in fact different people, in different situations and locations, had the same impression, the same halucination.

The disciples could not have deceived themselves: They were specific people -- fishermen -- not at all given to visions. They did not believe the first ones; Jesus almost has to overpower their resistance: "O foolish men, and slow of heart to believe!" They could not even want to deceive others. All of their interests opposed this; they would have been the first to feel themselves deceived by Jesus. If he were not risen, to what purpose would it have been to face persecution and death for him? What material benefit would they have drawn from it?

If the historical character of the Resurrection -- that is, its objective, and not only subjective, character -- is denied, the birth of the Church and of the faith become an even more inexplicable mystery than the Resurrection itself. It has been justly observed that "the idea that the imposing edifice of the history of Christianity is like an enormous pyramid balanced upon an insignificant fact is certainly less credible than the assertion that the entire event -- and that also means the most significant fact within this -- really did occupy a place in history comparable to the one that the New Testament attributes to it."

Where does the historical research on the Resurrection arrive? We can see it in the words of the disciples of Emmaus: Some disciples went to Jesus' tomb Easter morning and they found that things were as the women had said who had gone their before them, "but they did not see him." History too must take itself to Jesus' tomb and see that things are as the witnesses have said. But it does not see the Risen One. It is not enough to observe matters historically. It is necessary to see the Risen Christ, and this is something history cannot do; only faith can.

The angel who appeared to the women Easter morning said to them: "Why do you seek the living among the dead?" (Luke 24:5). I must confess that at the end of these reflections I feel that this rebuke is also directed at me. It is as if the angel were to say to me: "Why do you waste time seeking among dead human and historical arguments, the one who is alive and at work in the Church and in the world? Go instead and tell his brothers that he is risen."

If it were up to me, that is the only thing I would do. I quit teaching the history of Christian origins 30 years ago to dedicate myself to proclaming the Kingdom of God, but now when I am faced with radical and unfounded denials of the truth of the Gospels, I have felt obliged to take up the tools of my trade again.

This is why I have decided to use these commentaries on the Sunday Gospels to oppose a tendency often motivated by commercial interests and help those who may read my observations to form an opinion about Jesus that is less influenced by the clamor of the advertising world.

Easter Sunday, Rome


(AP Photo/Plinio Lepri)

REUTERS/Tony Gentile (VATICAN)



(Osservatore Romano/Reuters)

Pope Benedict XVI spreads his arms to the faithful after delivering the 'Urbi et Orbi' ('To The City and to The World') Easter address from the central balcony of St. Peter's Basilica at the Vatican, Sunday, April 8, 2007. The Pontiff decried suffering in much of the world to tens of thousands of pilgrims gathered in St. Peter's Square, and read out a litany of troubling current events, saying he was thinking of the 'terrorism and kidnapping of people, of the thousand faces of violence which some people attempt to justify in the name of religion, of contempt for life, of the violation of human rights and the exploitation of persons.' (AP Photo/Plinio Lepri)

Pope Benedict XVI greets the faithful before delivering the 'Urbi et Orbi' ('To The City and to The World') Easter address from the central balcony of St. Peter's Basilica at the Vatican, Sunday, April 8, 2007. The Pontiff decried suffering in much of the world to tens of thousands of pilgrims gathered in St. Peter's Square, and read out a litany of troubling current events, saying he was thinking of the 'terrorism and kidnapping of people, of the thousand faces of violence which some people attempt to justify in the name of religion, of contempt for life, of the violation of human rights and the exploitation of persons.' (AP Photo/Plinio Lepri)

Pope Benedict XVI leaves St. Peter's square at the Vatican, Sunday, April 8, 2007, at the end of the Easter mass. The Pontiff decried suffering in much of the world in his Easter Sunday message, lamenting that 'nothing positive'' is happening in Iraq and voicing worry over unrest and instability in Afghanistan and bloodshed in parts of Africa and Asia. (AP Photo/Gregorio Borgia)

Pope Benedict XVI leads the Sunday Easter mass in Saint Peter's Square at the Vatican April 8, 2007. Pope Benedict, in his Easter message, made an impassioned call for world peace on Sunday that lamented the "continual slaughter" in Iraq and the growing unrest in Afghanistan. REUTERS/Tony Gentile (VATICAN)

Pope Benedict XVI blesses the crucifix during the Easter mass in St. Peter's square at the Vatican, Sunday, April 8, 2007. The Pontiff decried suffering in much of the world in his Easter Sunday message, lamenting that 'nothing positive'' is happening in Iraq and voicing worry over unrest and instability in Afghanistan and bloodshed in parts of Africa and Asia. (AP Photo/Gregorio Borgia)

Pope Benedict XVI walks past the crucifix as he celebrates the Easter mass in St. Peter's square at the Vatican, Sunday, April 8, 2007. The Pontiff decried suffering in much of the world in his Easter Sunday message, lamenting that 'nothing positive'' is happening in Iraq and voicing worry over unrest and instability in Afghanistan and bloodshed in parts of Africa and Asia. (AP Photo/Gregorio Borgia)

Pope Benedict XVI walks past the crucifix as he celebrates the Easter mass in St. Peter's square at the Vatican, Sunday, April 8, 2007. The Pontiff decried suffering in much of the world in his Easter Sunday message, lamenting that 'nothing positive'' is happening in Iraq and voicing worry over unrest and instability in Afghanistan and bloodshed in parts of Africa and Asia. (AP Photo/Gregorio Borgia)


(AP Photo/Plinio Lepri)

Orthodox Pascha, pt 3


A woman paints giant symbolic Easter egg in the Bulgarian capital Sofia, Saturday, April, 7, 2007. Bulgarians get prepared for Easter as the tradition of the Orthodox church is to celebrate the holiday on Sunday. (AP Photo/Petar Petrov)

People paint giant symbolic Easter Eggs in front of the golden doomed Alexander Nevski cathedral in the Bulgarian capital Sofia, Saturday, April, 7, 2007. Bulgarians get prepared for Easter as the tradition of the Orthodox church celebrates the holiday on Sunday. (AP Photo/Petar Petrov)

People walk with candles around the golden-domed Alexander Nevski cathedral after an Easter mass, in the Bulgarian capital Sofia, early Sunday, April 8, 2007. Bulgaria and other Eastern Orthodox countries celebrate Easter on Sunday. (AP Photo/Petar Petrov)

A boy holds an ikon of the Revelation of Jesus Christ, during an Easter service in St. Trinity Christian Orthodox church in southeastern Macedonia's town of Radovis, early Sunday, April 8, 2007. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
Revelation? Or Resurrection!

A woman leaves an Easter egg in a basket at the altar in St. Trinity Christian Orthodox church in southeastern Macedonia's town of Radovis, early Sunday, April 8, 2007. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)

People look at the fresco paintings from the gallery in St. Trinity Christian Orthodox church in southeastern Macedonia's town of Radovis, just before an Easter service, early Sunday, April 8, 2007. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)

Orthodox believers attend to midnight Easter service at Vladimirskiy cathedral in Kiev, 07 April, 2007. The political crisis in Ukraine has intensified as President Viktor Yushchenko vowed to press ahead with early elections in a combative speech in an Easter broadcast to the divided nation.(AFP/File/Genia Savilov)

Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko lights a candle during an Easter service in Kiev, late Saturday, April 7, 2007. Ukrainian Orthodox believers as well as Catholics observe Easter at the same time this year. (AP Photo/Presidential Press Service, Mykola Lazarenko, Pool)

Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko lights a candal during an Easter service in Kiev, late Saturday, April 7, 2007. Ukrainian Orthodox believers as well as Catholics observe Easter at the same time this year. (AP Photo/Presidential Press Service, Mykola Lazarenko, Pool)

The Patriarch of Moscow and All-Russia Alexy II attends a service celebrating the Orthodox Easter in Moscow. Solomon Islanders prayed Sunday for tsunami victims while voters in East Timor hoped for a peaceful election day as millions of Christians in the region celebrated Easter.(AFP/Alexander Nemenov)

Orthodox Christians gather at Jerusalem's contested Holy Sepulchre Church on 07 April 2007. Thousands of worshippers from five Christian faiths celebrated Easter at the Holy Sepulchre Church -- the traditional site of Jesus's death, burial and resurrection.(AFP/Gali Tibbon)

A Christian Orthodox priest holds up a candle lit from the 'Holy Fire' as thousands of Orthodox worshippers gather at Jerusalem's contested Holy Sepulchre Church on 07 April 2007. Thousands of worshippers from five Christian faiths celebrated Easter at the Holy Sepulchre Church -- the traditional site of Jesus's death, burial and resurrection.(AFP/Gali Tibbon)

An Orthodox priest holds up a flame during a Holy Fire ceremony in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem's Old City, April 7, 2007. REUTERS/Yonathan Weitzman (JERUSALEM)

East-Orthodox nuns hold up candles during a Holy Fire ceremony in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem's Old City, April 7, 2007. REUTERS/Yonathan Weitzman (JERUSALEM)

Armenian Orthodox clergymen hold candles as worshippers gather around the Edicule at the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, traditionally believed to be the burial place of Jesus Christ, during the ceremony of the Holy Fire in Jerusalem's Old City, Saturday, April 7, 2007. The Holy Fire ceremony is part of Orthodox Easter rituals and the flame symbolizes the resurrection of Christ. The ceremony dates back to the 12th century. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti

Armenian Orthodox priests hold up candles during a holy fire ceremony in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem's Old City, April 7, 2007. REUTERS/Oleg Popov (JERUSALEM)



Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I, the spiritual leader of the world's Orthodox Christians, leads the Easter Resurrection Service at the Patriarchal Cathedral of St. George in Istanbul, Turkey, early Sunday, April 8, 2007. Bartholomew I led hundreds of worshippers at a crowded midnight liturgy to celebrate Easter. Many were pilgrims from neighboring Greece. (AP Photo/Murad Sezer)


Ethiopian Orthodox Christians sing and dance as they hold candles outside at Deir Al-Sultan in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, traditionally believed to be the site of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, during the ceremony of the Holy Fire in Jerusalem's Old City, Saturday, April 7, 2007. The Holy Fire ceremony is part of Orthodox Easter rituals and the flame symbolizes the resurrection of Christ. (AP Photo/Kevin Frayer)

Ethiopian Orthodox Christians and other worshippers sing and dance as they hold candles outside at Deir Al-Sultan in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, traditionally believed to be the site of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, during the ceremony of the Holy Fire in Jerusalem's Old City, Saturday, April 7, 2007. The Holy Fire ceremony is part of Orthodox Easter rituals and the flame symbolizes the resurrection of Christ. (AP Photo/Kevin Frayer)

Ethiopian Orthodox Christians pray in Deir Al-Sultan at the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, traditionally believed to be the site of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, in Jerusalem's Old City, Saturday, April 7, 2007. Christians around the world are marking the solemn period of Easter. (AP Photo/Kevin Frayer)

An Ethiopian Orthodox Christian holds a candle as he prays outside at Deir Al-Sultan in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, traditionally believed to be the site of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, during the ceremony of the Holy Fire in Jerusalem's Old City, Saturday, April 7, 2007. The Holy Fire ceremony is part of Orthodox Easter rituals and the flame symbolizes the resurrection of Christ. (AP Photo/Kevin Frayer)

Macedonian Christian Orthodox believers with candles in hands participate in an Easter procession in front of St. Trinity church in southeastern Macedonia's town of Radovis, early Sunday, April 8, 2007. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)

Orthodox Christians worship ahead of Easter midnight mass in Riga April 7, 2007. REUTERS/Ints Kalnins(LATVIA)

Orthodox worshippers take part in a procession after Easter midnight mass in Riga April 7, 2007. REUTERS/Ints Kalnins (LATVIA)

People huddle to light candles from the blessed fire held by an Orthodox priest during an Easter mass in the golden-domed Alexander Nevski cathedral, in the Bulgarian capital Sofia, early Sunday, April 8, 2007. Bulgaria and other Eastern Orthodox countries celebrate Easter on Sunday. (AP Photo/Petar Petrov)


Some photos from earlier during Holy Week:

Ethiopian Orthodox Christian pilgrims sit in the courtyard of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, where according to tradition Jesus Christ was crucified and buried, during the Holy Thursday Pontifical Mass and Procession of the Blessed Sacrament in Jerusalem's Old City,Thursday, April 5, 2007. Hundreds of Greek Orthodox believers filled the courtyard of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem's Old City on Thursday to watch their patriarch wash the feet of followers as part of an ancient Easter tradition. The ceremony is a reenactment of Jesus's act of humility when he, according to Christian belief, washed his 12 apostles' feet in Jerusalem nearly 2,000 years ago. (AP Photo/Oded Balilty)

An Armenian Orthodox priest washes the feet of a clergyman during a ceremony on Maundy Thursday at St. James Cathedral in the Armenian Quarter of Jerusalem's Old CIty, Thursday, April 5, 2007. Christians around the world are marking the solemn period of Easter. The ceremony is a reenactment of Jesus's act of humility when he, according to Christian belief, washed his 12 apostles' feet in Jerusalem nearly 2,000 years ago. (AP Photo/Kevin Frayer)


Romanian Orthodox nuns wait to receive holy communion at the end of the Maundy Thursday religious service at the Pasarea monastery near Bucharest Romania Thursday April 5, 2007. Orthodox worshipers, which form the majority of Romanians, celebrate Easter Sunday April 8 together with Roman Catholics. (AP Photo/Vadim Ghirda)